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ALS, Alexander Language Schools Franchise


Jan 28, 2010

Dialect of Chalkidiki

The Dialect of Chalkidiki is a dialect of the Greek language spoken in Chalkidiki (Khalkidiki, Halkidiki, Greek Χαλκιδική), Greece. Regarding the words, as in any other language, the old dialect (frοm the Greek "διάλεκτος" [di΄alektos]) of Northern Greece and especially of Chalkidiki Prefecture', is divided into three parts:

1. The extra Greek words used in the dialect

2. The extra words of foreign 'origin

3. The pronunciation' of the words, and the intonation

What prevails, however, and is heard in the pronunciation of the words is the “Vowel Reduction”.

The Greek language, as other languages of Mediterranean countries, has five basic sounds of vowels, five cardinal vowels:

[i], monophthongs or diphthongs ι, η, υ, οι, ει

[e], monophthong or diphthong ε, αι

[a], monophthong α [o], monophthongs ο, ω

[u], diphthong ου

It is well known in linguistics (pronunciation, phonetics), that some vowels are created in the upper part of the [cavity] of the mouth (high vowels) (in front [i], in the back [u]), others in the middle of the mouth (mid vowels) (in front [e], in the back [o]), and others in the nether part of the mouth (low vowels) ([a]). As a rule the sounds of vowels that are to be articulated in the middle or upper part, when they are not accented (stressed), they are reduced, i.e. they tend to be created in the upper or uppermost part. As a result the sound [e] is reduced to [i], the sound [o] is reduced [u], and the sounds [u] and [i], in syllables (preceded by consonants), are reduced very much ([i] becomes [j], or even not sounded at all (dropped) (not dropped when with other vowels). One can find this also in other regions of the Greek mainland

Examples:

Αύριο θα πάμε (Θεσ)σαλονίκη, becomes: Αύριου θα πάμι (Θι)σαλουνίκj [΄avriu θa ΄pami (θi)salu΄nikj]

Έχει δουλειές στον Αη-Μάμα και στον Πολύγυρο, becomes: [Εχj δλειές στουν Αj Μάμα κι στουν Πουλύγjρου]. [stu bu΄liɣjru]


See: Varieties of Modern Greek

Wholeness, in Greek Holotes, Jan 28, 2010

Wholeness is what in Greek is holotes (from Greek adj. όλος, holos, meaning whole, all, total), a term used by Greek philosophers, mainly Aristotle, denoting the whole, the entity and its state of being complete (completeness, entireness, integrity, integrality, totality), either by nature or by action of man, by including/putting together all necessary parts to this end.

HOLOTES, Natural and Artificial Entities, Jan 28, 2010

By Aristolaos (2002, Posted 2007)
Holotes, Holotis, or Olotis, a sum of dissimilar parts[1] of matter and/or energy and/or mind (mental) creating a new existence[2] (entity), different from its parts (components), and functioning as such.
The sums of similar parts are counted as one part each (quantity/amount, group, total) in this regard.
 

The term holotes is found for the first time in the Theology of Orpheus, but it was extensively used by Aristotle in his Metaphysics.
Descriptions, Examples
Head in animals is a typical holotes as well as a hypo-holotes of the complete holotes "body"
The (human) brain is a holotes of matter, energy and mind (thought), incessantly attempting to explain phenomena accordingly (similarly), i.e. according to its existence, to itself, and to its complete satisfactionconsummation) (
  • Although both head and brain are in reality parts of

The Three Factors in Business, Jan 28, 2010

Every business (firm) or activity is an entity composed of three factors, and functions, having them in harmony.
These factors are:
Place(s), i.e.the facility, premises, such as a shop, a school, an office, a farm, a piece of land, etc.
Customer(s), i.e. the buyer, purchaser, consumer, household, i.e the person or other who approves and consumes the products(goods)/services of the seller/producer, creating the supply and demand circular flow.
Worker(s), the person(s) and/or their substitutes (machines) offering the services/work in the business, producing and/or selling goods or services.
Consumer/Customer factor is the strongest of the three, which regulates the behavior of the business (see operant conditioning and reinforcement).
In amateur activities (hobbies etc) the consumer/buyer is usually the same as the worker.
Exchange of satisfaction, interdependency: buyer, <--> seller
The buyer/consumer is the cause of existence of the producer/seller and
The producer/seller is the cause of existence of the buyer/consumer.
All the above form the holotes of business, i.e. different parts joined together forming an entity different from its parts.

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